Afinal, você sabe o que é metodologia ágil?
Tocar um projeto não é tarefa fácil, especialmente, de desenvolvimento de software. Com a evolução da tecnologia e a crescente necessidade por produtos que atendessem exatamente as expectativas do cliente, era necessário um novo método de desenvolvimento que eliminasse o retrabalho e proporcionasse melhoria contínua. Mas, afinal, o que é metodologia ágil e o que ela tem a ver com tudo isso?
Tradicionalmente, na gestão de projetos, você precisa preparar um conceito para isso, fazer o planejamento, passar pela execução e monitoramento e, em seguida, chegar à fase de fechamento.
No entanto, no mundo acelerado dos negócios de hoje, as coisas não acontecem tão facilmente — especialmente em um ambiente de trabalho dinâmico, onde mudanças podem ocorrer de uma hora para a outra em todas as fases do processo.
A metodologia ágil surgiu exatamente para resolver esses problemas. Se trata de uma abordagem iterativa criada inicialmente para o desenvolvimento de software e que hoje é aplicada em diversas áreas de uma empresa.
No artigo de hoje, você irá entender definitivamente o que é metodologia ágil e para que ela serve tanto no desenvolvimento de software quanto na gestão de projetos como um todo. Acompanhe!
O que é metodologia ágil?
A metodologia ágil é um novo modelo de desenvolvimento de software que oferece uma abordagem iterativa para a gestão de projetos de desenvolvimento.
Ao contrário do seu predecessor, o modelo em cascata, o ágil (como também é chamado o pensamento que deu lugar à metodologia) trabalha a partir de pequenos pedaços do projeto, chamados de sprints, que permitem gerenciar e adaptar um projeto ao longo de todo o seu ciclo de vida.
Basicamente, os projetos ágeis devem exibir valores e comportamentos centrais de confiança, flexibilidade, capacitação e colaboração. Em suma, a metodologia ágil está muito mais ligada a uma mudança de comportamento do que uma linha de ação em si, e pode ser resumida da seguinte forma:
- trabalho em pequenos lotes;
- visualização de processos para criar transparência;
- trabalho colaborativo com o cliente; e
- obtenção de feedback ao longo do caminho.
O resultado final é que a equipe pode se adaptar prontamente aos requisitos em constante mudança e produzir produtos ou serviços de alta qualidade para melhor atender às necessidades do cliente final.

Metodologia ágil vs. modelo em cascata (Waterfall): quais as diferenças?
A metodologia ágil é a evolução do desenvolvimento de software, que antes se baseava em modelos em cascata (Waterfall). Abaixo, você confere as diferenças entre as duas metodologias:
| Metodologia Ágil | Modelo em Cascata |
| O método ágil propõe uma abordagem incremental e iterativa para o design de software. | O desenvolvimento do software flui sequencialmente do ponto inicial ao ponto final. |
| O processo ágil é dividido em modelos individuais nos quais os designers trabalham. | O processo de design não é dividido em modelos individuais. |
| O cliente tem oportunidades precoces e frequentes de olhar para o produto e tomar decisões e fazer mudanças no projeto. | O cliente só pode ver o produto no final do projeto. |
| Erros podem ser corrigidos no meio do projeto. | Só no final, todo o produto é testado. Se o erro de requisito for encontrado ou qualquer mudança tiver que ser feita, o projeto deve começar do início. |
| O processo de desenvolvimento é iterativo e o projeto é executado em iterações curtas (2-4) semanas. O planejamento é muito menos. | O processo de desenvolvimento é faseado e a fase é muito maior do que a iteração. Cada fase termina com a descrição detalhada da próxima fase. |
| Cada iteração tem sua própria fase de teste. Ele permite a implementação de testes de regressão sempre que novas funções ou lógica são lançadas. | Somente após a fase de desenvolvimento, a fase de teste é executada porque partes separadas não são totalmente funcionais. |
| No teste ágil, quando uma iteração termina, os recursos entregáveis do produto são entregues ao cliente. Novos recursos podem ser usados logo após o envio. É útil quando você tem um bom contato com os clientes. | Todos os recursos desenvolvidos são entregues de uma vez após a longa fase de implementação. |
| Requer uma comunicação próxima com os desenvolvedores e uma análise conjunta dos requisitos e do planejamento. | O desenvolvedor não se envolve em requisitos e processos de planejamento. Normalmente, há atrasos de tempo entre os testes e codificação. |
Benefícios da metodologia ágil: por que utilizar?
Quando você adota práticas de desenvolvimento ágeis, geralmente obtém aplicativos de melhor qualidade, finalizados mais rapidamente.
O principal motivo é que a metodologia ágil foi projetada para oferecer flexibilidade e adaptabilidade. Você não define todas as respostas antecipadamente como faz no método em cascata, mas divide o problema em componentes digeríveis que desenvolve e testa com os usuários.
Se algo não estiver funcionando bem ou conforme o esperado, ou se o esforço revelar algo que não foi considerado, você pode adaptar rapidamente para voltar aos trilhos — ou até mesmo mudar de linha se for necessário. A metodologia ágil permite que cada membro da equipe contribua para a solução e exige que cada um assuma a responsabilidade pessoal por seu trabalho.
Além disso, no desenvolvimento ágil, os princípios, estruturas e práticas são projetados em torno das condições operacionais de hoje. Estruturas ágeis e processos de desenvolvimento que priorizam a entrega de software funcional de forma iterativa e buscam ativamente o feedback para melhorar o aplicativo são mais adequados para o mundo atual.
A metodologia ágil também é melhor porque incentiva um processo contínuo de melhoria. Qualquer software precisa constantemente de atualização, suporte e aprimoramento; processos ágeis de natureza iterativa estabelecem uma mentalidade e um processo que permitem isso.
Por fim, no desenvolvimento ágil, as pessoas da equipe são mais produtivas e felizes. Isso porque a metodologia torna o trabalho mais dinâmico e dá voz para que todos tenham suas opiniões consideradas ao longo de um projeto.
Hoje, as empresas precisam de um alto nível de competência de software para fornecer experiências digitais excepcionais em um mundo hipercompetitivo, ao mesmo tempo que atraem e mantém grandes talentos para construir um ótimo software. A metodologia ágil ajuda as empresas a fazer as duas coisas.
Para continuar aprendendo como digitalizar sua empresa, veja também nosso conteúdo sobre a transformação digital e veja os passos básicos para implementá-la!
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