Design Thinking: um método criativo de resolver problemas
O Design Thinking é um método que nos ajuda a extrair, ensinar, aprender e aplicar sistematicamente técnicas centradas no usuário para resolver problemas.
Ao contrário do que alguns pensam, o Design Thinking (DT) não é uma propriedade exclusiva dos designers. Todos os grandes inovadores seja em artes, música, ciência, engenharia e tecnologia da informação podem utilizá-lo.
Mas então, por que o nome “Design Thinking”? O que é especial sobre DT é que os processos de trabalho dos designers podem nos ajudar a extrair, ensinar, aprender e aplicar sistematicamente técnicas centradas no usuário para resolver problemas de maneira criativa e inovadora. E isso é especialmente valioso para os profissionais de TI.
E para te mostrar como, abaixo explicamos o que exatamente é Design Thinking e como ele pode ser utilizado para resolver problemas no seu desenvolvimento de projetos! Acompanhe.
O que é o Design Thinking?
O Design Thinking é uma metodologia utilizada inicialmente por designers para resolver problemas complexos e encontrar soluções desejáveis para seus clientes. Ele baseia-se na lógica, na imaginação, na intuição e no raciocínio sistêmico. E isso tudo com a finalidade de explorar as possibilidades de resultados e definir aqueles que mais beneficiam o usuário final.
Esse processo também pode ser descrito como uma disciplina que usa a sensibilidade e os métodos de design para atender às necessidades das pessoas com o que é tecnologicamente viável. E como isso pode ser convertido em valor para o cliente e para a empresa.
Como surgiu o Design Thinking?
O termo Design Thinking foi cunhado por Peter Rowe em 1987 em seu livro com o mesmo nome. Em 1991, David Kelley, professor universitário de Stanford e fundador da consultoria de design IDEO, adaptou a noção para fins comerciais.
Em 2003, Hasso Plattner, um dos fundadores da SAP, visitou Stanford, onde aprendeu sobre essa metodologia. Ele ficou tão entusiasmado com isso que desenvolveu ainda mais o método.
Ele até fundou o Instituto Hasso Plattner de Design na Stanford University em 2005 e em Potsdam (Alemanha) em 2008. Desde então, o Design Thinking faz parte do DNA da SAP e é amplamente usado para impulsionar a inovação. Ele também foi adaptado por outras empresas de TI, como Google (Google Design Sprint) e IBM (Loop).
Como o Design Thinking é aplicado à TI?
Em poucas palavras, o Design Thinking na TI é um processo que não se baseia em como você executa, mas em como você determina o que deve estar construindo em primeiro lugar.
Ele se concentra em um feedback próximo, voltado para o usuário, que, em teoria, permite que você valide novas ideias de recursos o mais rápido possível antes de escrever uma única linha de código de produção.
A aplicação do Design Thinking à Tecnologia da Informação envolve 4 etapas básicas, que começam com a definição do problema que precisa ser resolvido.
1. Entender
A equipe do produto recebe feedback do usuário e tenta entender o desafio em detalhes. Isso também inclui um conhecimento compartilhado de por onde o time quer começar.
Deve-se criar empatia com o usuário. Isso é possível conhecendo as necessidades e os pontos problemáticos por meio de entrevistas ou observação deles. O ideal é ter um número mínimo de dois usuários e também separá-los em grupos de problemas.
Isso porque o Design Thinking é uma abordagem altamente centrada no usuário e o objetivo é evitar — desde o início — que a equipe não passe tempo desenvolvendo algo que não atende às necessidades dele.
2. Idear
Com os desafios em mente, vamos em busca das melhores ideias. A equipe de produto e a equipe de engenharia juntas geram muitas ideias sobre como esses problemas podem ser resolvidos.
Tentamos desencadear soluções ias com a ajuda de diferentes técnicas de brainstorming, como “E se …”, “O que faria…”, Reverse Brainstorming e muitos mais.
Mesmo ideias loucas e apartamento difíceis são bem-vindas. Em seguida, todas as ideias devem ser agrupadas para ser escolhida aquela com o maior potencial para o usuário.
3. Prototipar
A fim de evitar a criação de uma solução que ninguém precisa, deve-se construir um protótipo diretamente após a identificação de uma possível solução para o problema. Produto e engenharia levam suas melhores ideias e lançam um ou vários protótipos juntos. Vale lembrar que esses são somente testes, puramente para validação.
4. Testar/Validar
Com base no protótipo, deve-se levá-lo ao usuário para testes. Agora é o momento de descobrir se a solução proposta resolve os problemas que os usuários possuem.
Se sim, a equipe de engenharia desenvolve o protótipo. O resultado é que novos recursos são construídos em pequenas partes, que são validadas pelos usuários antes que qualquer trabalho sério de desenvolvimento seja feito neles.
O Design Thinking não é um processo linear, como uma receita de culinária, que você pode seguir passo a passo. É uma ida e volta até encontrar a melhor solução para o seu cliente.
Sim, parece ser demorado no começo. Mas à medida que você itera, você reduz e otimiza a solução. No final, você pode ter certeza de que a ideia que você criou é válida e será usada.
E você, gostou do nosso post? Siga nossa página no LinkedIn e acompanhe todas as nossas novidades, incluindo mais dicas como essa!
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